There are several factors that are known to increase the risk of melanoma:

Over-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Most experts believe that over-exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunshine is the main cause of all types of skin cancer.

Ultraviolet light damages DNA, the stuff that holds the genetic code in body cells. Damage to DNA can cause normal cells to mutate and become cancerous.

Recent research has raised concern that UVA rays, previously thought to be less damaging than UVB, may be the main cause of melanoma.

Intense occasional sun exposure (such as may happen on a holiday abroad) is particularly harmful. Past severe sunburn, especially in childhood, is clearly linked to an increased risk of melanoma.

Sunbeds and sun lamps also radiate ultraviolet light, and therefore using them is believed to increase your risk.

Having an inherited condition

There are some rare inherited conditions that can lead to the development of skin cancer. Up to one in ten cases of melanoma may be linked to inherited genes. Many families with this risk know about the problem. You may be in this risk group if you have a close relative (parent, brother, sister, half-sister, half-brother or child) who has developed melanoma or your family tends to have a large number of moles which are unusual in shape or colour. These are the type of moles that tend to become malignant. The advice on melanoma prevention is the same, whether you carry the gene or not. Your doctor should discuss this with you and refer you for specialist advice if appropriate.

Having many moles

In general, people with many moles have a higher risk of developing a malignant melanoma.

Having skin that burns easily (often those with fair colouring)

People whose skin burns easily – typically those with fairer skin, fair or red-headed people, and those with blue eyes – have a higher risk.

Melanoma is much less common in black- or brown-skinned people because they have plenty of melanin to give them natural protection. But everyone needs to take care not to burn, or over-expose themselves to sun.

Previous melanoma or other skin cancer

People who have already had melanoma are at a higher risk of getting it again.

Most people with these risk factors will not get melanoma. If you have worries, discuss them with your GP